{
  "author": {
    "about": "🎵Die Gedanken sind frei.",
    "banner": "https://i.nostr.build/FEZrgz9lthZrfndJ.jpg",
    "display_name": "Laeserin",
    "lud16": "silberengel@minibits.cash",
    "name": "Laeserin",
    "nip05": "laeserin@gitcitadel.com",
    "website": "https://jumble.imwald.eu",
    "picture": "https://i.nostr.build/thumb/RlkuVFMWOXpshf8k.webp",
    "displayName": "Laeserin"
  },
  "event": {
    "content": "NIP-17\n======\n\nPrivate Direct Messages\n-----------------------\n\n`draft` `optional`\n\nThis NIP defines an encrypted direct messaging scheme using [NIP-44](44.md) encryption and [NIP-59](59.md) seals and gift wraps.\n\n## Direct Message Kind\n\nKind `14` is a chat message. `p` tags identify one or more receivers of the message.\n\n```js\n{\n  \"id\": \"<usual hash>\",\n  \"pubkey\": \"<sender-pubkey>\",\n  \"created_at\": now(),\n  \"kind\": 14,\n  \"tags\": [\n    [\"p\", \"<receiver-1-pubkey>\", \"<relay-url>\"],\n    [\"p\", \"<receiver-2-pubkey>\", \"<relay-url>\"],\n    [\"e\", \"<kind-14-id>\", \"<relay-url>\", \"reply\"] // if this is a reply\n    [\"subject\", \"<conversation-title>\"],\n    ...\n  ],\n  \"content\": \"<message-in-plain-text>\",\n}\n```\n\n`.content` MUST be plain text. Fields `id` and `created_at` are required.\n\nTags that mention, quote and assemble threading structures MUST follow [NIP-10](10.md).\n\nKind `14`s MUST never be signed. If it is signed, the message might leak to relays and become **fully public**.\n\n## Chat Rooms\n\nThe set of `pubkey` + `p` tags defines a chat room. If a new `p` tag is added or a current one is removed, a new room is created with clean message history.\n\nClients SHOULD render messages of the same room in a continuous thread.\n\nAn optional `subject` tag defines the current name/topic of the conversation. Any member can change the topic by simply submitting a new `subject` to an existing `pubkey` + `p`-tags room. There is no need to send `subject` in every message. The newest `subject` in the thread is the subject of the conversation.\n\n## Encrypting\n\nFollowing [NIP-59](59.md), the **unsigned** `kind:14` chat message must be sealed (`kind:13`) and then gift-wrapped (`kind:1059`) to each receiver and the sender individually.\n\n```js\n{\n  \"id\": \"<usual hash>\",\n  \"pubkey\": randomPublicKey,\n  \"created_at\": randomTimeUpTo2DaysInThePast(),\n  \"kind\": 1059, // gift wrap\n  \"tags\": [\n    [\"p\", receiverPublicKey, \"<relay-url>\"] // receiver\n  ],\n  \"content\": nip44Encrypt(\n    {\n      \"id\": \"<usual hash>\",\n      \"pubkey\": senderPublicKey,\n      \"created_at\": randomTimeUpTo2DaysInThePast(),\n      \"kind\": 13, // seal\n      \"tags\": [], // no tags\n      \"content\": nip44Encrypt(unsignedKind14, senderPrivateKey, receiverPublicKey),\n      \"sig\": \"<signed by senderPrivateKey>\"\n    },\n    randomPrivateKey, receiverPublicKey\n  ),\n  \"sig\": \"<signed by randomPrivateKey>\"\n}\n```\n\nThe encryption algorithm MUST use the latest version of [NIP-44](44.md).\n\nClients MUST verify if pubkey of the `kind:13` is the same pubkey on the `kind:14`, otherwise any sender can impersonate others by simply changing the pubkey on `kind:14`.\n\nClients SHOULD randomize `created_at` in up to two days in the past in both the seal and the gift wrap to make sure grouping by `created_at` doesn't reveal any metadata.\n\nThe gift wrap's `p`-tag can be the receiver's main pubkey or an alias key created to receive DMs without exposing the receiver's identity.\n\nClients CAN offer disappearing messages by setting an `expiration` tag in the gift wrap of each receiver or by not generating a gift wrap to the sender's public key\n\n## Publishing\n\nKind `10050` indicates the user's preferred relays to receive DMs. The event MUST include a list of `relay` tags with relay URIs.\n\n```js\n{\n  \"kind\": 10050,\n  \"tags\": [\n    [\"relay\", \"wss://inbox.nostr.wine\"],\n    [\"relay\", \"wss://myrelay.nostr1.com\"],\n  ],\n  \"content\": \"\",\n  //...other fields\n}\n```\n\nClients SHOULD publish kind `14` events to the `10050`-listed relays. If that is not found that indicates the user is not ready to receive messages under this NIP and clients shouldn't try.\n\n## Relays\n\nIt's advisable that relays do not serve `kind:14` to clients other than the ones tagged in them.\n\nIt's advisable that users choose relays that conform to these practices.\n\nClients SHOULD guide users to keep `kind:10050` lists small (1-3 relays) and SHOULD spread it to as many relays as viable.\n\n## Benefits & Limitations\n\nThis NIP offers the following privacy and security features:\n\n1. **No Metadata Leak**: Participant identities, each message's real date and time, event kinds, and other event tags are all hidden from the public. Senders and receivers cannot be linked with public information alone.\n2. **No Public Group Identifiers**: There is no public central queue, channel or otherwise converging identifier to correlate or count all messages in the same group.\n3. **No Moderation**: There are no group admins: no invitations or bans.\n4. **No Shared Secrets**: No secret must be known to all members that can leak or be mistakenly shared\n5. **Fully Recoverable**: Messages can be fully recoverable by any client with the user's private key\n6. **Optional Forward Secrecy**: Users and clients can opt-in for \"disappearing messages\".\n7. **Uses Public Relays**: Messages can flow through public relays without loss of privacy. Private relays can increase privacy further, but they are not required.\n8. **Cold Storage**: Users can unilaterally opt-in to sharing their messages with a separate key that is exclusive for DM backup and recovery.\n\nThe main limitation of this approach is having to send a separate encrypted event to each receiver. Group chats with more than 100 participants should find a more suitable messaging scheme.\n\n## Implementation\n\nClients implementing this NIP should by default only connect to the set of relays found in their `kind:10050` list. From that they should be able to load all messages both sent and received as well as get new live updates, making it for a very simple and lightweight implementation that should be fast.\n\nWhen sending a message to anyone, clients must then connect to the relays in the receiver's `kind:10050` and send the events there, but can disconnect right after unless more messages are expected to be sent (e.g. the chat tab is still selected). Clients should also send a copy of their outgoing messages to their own `kind:10050` relay set.\n\n## Examples\n\nThis example sends the message `Hola, que tal?` from `nsec1w8udu59ydjvedgs3yv5qccshcj8k05fh3l60k9x57asjrqdpa00qkmr89m` to `nsec12ywtkplvyq5t6twdqwwygavp5lm4fhuang89c943nf2z92eez43szvn4dt`.\n\nThe two final GiftWraps, one to the receiver and the other to the sender, are:\n\n```json\n{\n   \"id\":\"2886780f7349afc1344047524540ee716f7bdc1b64191699855662330bf235d8\",\n   \"pubkey\":\"8f8a7ec43b77d25799281207e1a47f7a654755055788f7482653f9c9661c6d51\",\n   \"created_at\":1703128320,\n   \"kind\":1059,\n   \"tags\":[\n      [ \"p\", \"918e2da906df4ccd12c8ac672d8335add131a4cf9d27ce42b3bb3625755f0788\"]\n   ],\n   \"content\":\"AsqzdlMsG304G8h08bE67dhAR1gFTzTckUUyuvndZ8LrGCvwI4pgC3d6hyAK0Wo9gtkLqSr2rT2RyHlE5wRqbCOlQ8WvJEKwqwIJwT5PO3l2RxvGCHDbd1b1o40ZgIVwwLCfOWJ86I5upXe8K5AgpxYTOM1BD+SbgI5jOMA8tgpRoitJedVSvBZsmwAxXM7o7sbOON4MXHzOqOZpALpS2zgBDXSAaYAsTdEM4qqFeik+zTk3+L6NYuftGidqVluicwSGS2viYWr5OiJ1zrj1ERhYSGLpQnPKrqDaDi7R1KrHGFGyLgkJveY/45y0rv9aVIw9IWF11u53cf2CP7akACel2WvZdl1htEwFu/v9cFXD06fNVZjfx3OssKM/uHPE9XvZttQboAvP5UoK6lv9o3d+0GM4/3zP+yO3C0NExz1ZgFmbGFz703YJzM+zpKCOXaZyzPjADXp8qBBeVc5lmJqiCL4solZpxA1865yPigPAZcc9acSUlg23J1dptFK4n3Tl5HfSHP+oZ/QS/SHWbVFCtq7ZMQSRxLgEitfglTNz9P1CnpMwmW/Y4Gm5zdkv0JrdUVrn2UO9ARdHlPsW5ARgDmzaxnJypkfoHXNfxGGXWRk0sKLbz/ipnaQP/eFJv/ibNuSfqL6E4BnN/tHJSHYEaTQ/PdrA2i9laG3vJti3kAl5Ih87ct0w/tzYfp4SRPhEF1zzue9G/16eJEMzwmhQ5Ec7jJVcVGa4RltqnuF8unUu3iSRTQ+/MNNUkK6Mk+YuaJJs6Fjw6tRHuWi57SdKKv7GGkr0zlBUU2Dyo1MwpAqzsCcCTeQSv+8qt4wLf4uhU9Br7F/L0ZY9bFgh6iLDCdB+4iABXyZwT7Ufn762195hrSHcU4Okt0Zns9EeiBOFxnmpXEslYkYBpXw70GmymQfJlFOfoEp93QKCMS2DAEVeI51dJV1e+6t3pCSsQN69Vg6jUCsm1TMxSs2VX4BRbq562+VffchvW2BB4gMjsvHVUSRl8i5/ZSDlfzSPXcSGALLHBRzy+gn0oXXJ/447VHYZJDL3Ig8+QW5oFMgnWYhuwI5QSLEyflUrfSz+Pdwn/5eyjybXKJftePBD9Q+8NQ8zulU5sqvsMeIx/bBUx0fmOXsS3vjqCXW5IjkmSUV7q54GewZqTQBlcx+90xh/LSUxXex7UwZwRnifvyCbZ+zwNTHNb12chYeNjMV7kAIr3cGQv8vlOMM8ajyaZ5KVy7HpSXQjz4PGT2/nXbL5jKt8Lx0erGXsSsazkdoYDG3U\",\n   \"sig\":\"a3c6ce632b145c0869423c1afaff4a6d764a9b64dedaf15f170b944ead67227518a72e455567ca1c2a0d187832cecbde7ed478395ec4c95dd3e71749ed66c480\"\n}\n```\n\n```json\n{\n   \"id\":\"162b0611a1911cfcb30f8a5502792b346e535a45658b3a31ae5c178465509721\",\n   \"pubkey\":\"626be2af274b29ea4816ad672ee452b7cf96bbb4836815a55699ae402183f512\",\n   \"created_at\":1702711587,\n   \"kind\":1059,\n   \"tags\":[\n      [ \"p\", \"44900586091b284416a0c001f677f9c49f7639a55c3f1e2ec130a8e1a7998e1b\"]\n   ],\n   \"content\":\"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\",\n   \"sig\":\"c94e74533b482aa8eeeb54ae72a5303e0b21f62909ca43c8ef06b0357412d6f8a92f96e1a205102753777fd25321a58fba3fb384eee114bd53ce6c06a1c22bab\"\n}\n```\n",
    "created_at": 1716813976,
    "id": "c9ebfa97c2c876d43d1815a66b6def69f5ab16b08c84097425e5e6d52e11eece",
    "kind": 30818,
    "pubkey": "dd664d5e4016433a8cd69f005ae1480804351789b59de5af06276de65633d319",
    "sig": "5934488143c851aa5e86f293d6c5fd1d82cbf5e9d2319ff01d529bc03c80e9750a91467196759d9594acaa1ba6d68ffaf2e6f0676c736ac064bd72e7d185faf5",
    "tags": [
      [
        "d",
        "nip-17"
      ],
      [
        "client",
        "wikifreedia",
        "31990:fa984bd7dbb282f07e16e7ae87b26a2a7b9b90b7246a44771f0cf5ae58018f52:1716498133442"
      ],
      [
        "title",
        "NIP-17"
      ],
      [
        "c",
        "Nostr"
      ],
      [
        "published_at",
        "1716813976"
      ]
    ]
  },
  "relays": [
    "wss://theforest.nostr1.com/",
    "wss://nostr.land/",
    "wss://nostr21.com/",
    "wss://relay.layer.systems/"
  ],
  "address": {
    "identifier": "nip-17",
    "pubkey": "dd664d5e4016433a8cd69f005ae1480804351789b59de5af06276de65633d319",
    "kind": 30818,
    "relays": [
      "wss://nostr.land/"
    ]
  }
}